School systemGrades 9–12, OSSD diploma. Continuous grading — no single high-stakes exam. University applications based on Grade 12 averages. More project work, less rote learning.
University admissionsContinuous grade average (typically 80–90%+ for competitive programs). ECA (extracurriculars + community hours) are factored in. No single national entrance exam.
Engineering starting salary$70,000–$90,000 CAD. Cost of living is significantly higher but quality of life metrics (healthcare, safety, infrastructure) are different.
MedicineMD requires MCAT + undergrad GPA + interviews. 10–14 years total. Post-qualifying income: $200k–$600k gross.
Work-life balance40-hour work week is standard. Overtime regulated. 10+ days statutory leave. Evenings and weekends are genuinely protected for most roles.
HousingHigh cost in Toronto/Vancouver. More affordable in Ottawa, Cornwall, Waterloo, Halifax. Detached houses with yards are realistic for families outside major metros.
School systemClasses 9–12, CBSE / ICSE / State boards. Class 12 board exams are high-stakes — single exam determines university eligibility. Intense exam pressure. Strong math and science foundation.
University admissionsJEE Main/Advanced for IITs, NEET for medicine, state CET for engineering. High-stakes, single-attempt competitive exams. Coaching culture is dominant. Cutoffs are extreme for top institutions.
Engineering starting salaryIIT graduates: ₹12–25 LPA average. Tier-2 college graduates: ₹4–8 LPA. Large gap between top-tier and average outcomes. FAANG India roles reach ₹50–100 LPA for exceptional candidates.
MedicineMBBS is 5.5 years after NEET. Government seats are heavily subsidized. Private MBBS costs ₹50–100 lakhs in management quota. PG specialisation is extremely competitive.
Work-life balanceLonger hours are culturally normalized in many sectors. IT/BPO sectors: 10–12 hour days common. Work-life balance depends heavily on employer and city.
HousingAffordable in most cities relative to income. Tier-2 cities (Coimbatore, Pune, Hyderabad) offer good value. Extended family proximity is often a practical asset.